Psychological Profile of Theodore Rooseve Essay - 1009 Words

Psychological Profile of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt, the second of four children, was born on October 27, 1858, in New York City. As a child, Roosevelt struggled against frailty, nearsightedness, and asthma. He had a love for books which helped foster a love for nature and the outdoors. He also exercised vigorously and developed a lifelong interest in what he called â€Å"the strenuous life.† At age 18, Theodore Roosevelt entered Harvard University with the intent of becoming a naturalist. As a senior he began work on a book, â€Å"The Naval War of 1812.† He then graduated 21st in a class of 177 in 1880 and married Alice Hathaway Lee. After graduation, at the age of 22, Roosevelt joined New York†¦show more content†¦In his first year as President, TR took action on his calls for reform by suing the Northern Security Companies, then trust in the beef, coal and sugar industries. TR was also active in conservation- he set aside 150 million acres for national use, doubled the number of national parks and created sixteen national monuments. In 1902, TR moved to create the Panama Canal. He mediated a peace which brought an end to the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, and won the Nobel Peace Prize. When he heard of the death of his son, Quentin, in 1918, his spirit began to wane as he mourned, and then in the early morning of January 6, 1919, Roosevelt passed way. According to Sigmund Freud in his Psychoanalytic/ Psychodynamic theory, one’s personality is heavily influenced by two basic forces: sexuality and aggression/anxiety. Freud believed that people were mostly driven by their â€Å"unconscious† which includes people’s thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. It is possible that Theodore Roosevelt was largely influenced by his unconscious just as Freud discussed in his psychoanalytic theory. When Roosevelt lost his mother and wife in 1884, a new character in him emerged. He disliked being called â€Å"Teddy† by others because that was what his wife used to call him and that just reminded him of the death of his wife and mother. His unconscious prompted him to

Woodrow Wilson Not All Change Is Progress - 972 Words

We live in a time were values are not what they use to be and are out weight by change and development. This mind set is the driving force for our society. As we grow and change so does the way we as a culture view the world and how we interact with the environment around us. But With that idea in mind people seem to start to sacrifice important value such as respect, self- determination, and humility. These values are not as common but equally important. These values can be seen taking place especially on a social level with people. But with these new changes people are losing sight of important values. that to me are important in any society .we as a culture are making changes, but as far as making any progress towards a bright future we are clearly miss guided. In the words of Woodrow Wilson â€Å"not all change is progress†. I in vison a society that has a balance of respect, self- determination, and humility as the values that are paired with the idea of change. Truly se e any progress that could lead use to a better and brighter future. As a very young boy was taught many different values that I would use though out my life. As I got older some of those values that I was taught started to stick out as being most important to me the first that was previses mention was respect, my grandmother taught me that value of respect and not just respect for one other but respect for the environment we live and thrive in. said that in order for society to grow and have a bright futureShow MoreRelatedThe Time of Change847 Words   |  3 PagesTime of Change â€Å"You can’t tax business. Business doesn’t pay taxes. It collects taxes.† by Ronald Reagan. This quote really stands out because in this time period there are high taxes. Taxes were one of the big problems in the progressive era. There were extremely high tariffs and the percentage was different in other parts in the U.S. During the late 1800s and early 1900s there were reforms done Economically and Socially . Economically, There were lots of Acts published by Woodrow Wilson talkingRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt s The Progressive Era Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesRepublicans following suit. With the Republican Party divided in the 1912 election, neither Taft nor Roosevelt was able to defeat the Democratic candidate, Woodrow Wilson. Although Taft and Roosevelt were at odds over foreign affairs well before the 1912 election, foreign policy would not become a major issue for most Progressives until after Woodrow Wilson took office. During this time, domestic affairs took a backseat to matters abroad simply because the Progressives could find no legitimate gripes withRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt And Woodrow Wilson : The Progressive Era1651 Words   |  7 Pagesand Woodrow Wilson. This period of time is known as the Progressive Era due to the political and social changes made to move away from a laissez-faire government to a more active government by the administrations of these presidents. Prior to this period, Americans had to suffer through poor working conditions, low wages, social and class inequality and become victims to large corporations that took advantage of the people. In particular, the administrations of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow WilsonRead MoreThe Great Presidents By Woodrow Wilson Essay1281 Wor ds   |  6 Pagesremembered, celebrated, and taught about. The history of great presidents often correlates to time of war for America. This is because great presidents often emerge to the people in times of crisis, such as wars. Of the many great presidents, Woodrow Wilson, offers unique qualities such as energy, intelligence, and leadership that make him a great president. The traits of a great president are beginning to be defined first in Federalist 70 by Alexander Hamilton. In this document, Hamilton outlinesRead MoreThe War I Was Considered The Great War1338 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War I is considered the Great war, â€Å"the war to end all wars.† Under President Woodrow Wilson, America entered a war that was the first of its kind, involving several major powers worldwide. Starting in Europe, World War I would lead to changes that still affect the world today. The Great War also produced questions on morals, loyalty, and nationalism that are still relevant today. Before the Great War progressed too far, Woodrow Wilson explicitly stated, â€Å"the United States must be neutral.†Read MoreThe Presidential Election Of 1912 Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pages1912 In the presidential election of 1912 the Democrat Woodrow Wilson, Progressive Theodore Roosevelt, Republican William Howard Taft, and Socialist Eugene Debs all had their opposing views on the issues that concerning the future of democracy in America. Some of the issues were; the Conservation of Natural Resources, Direct Democracy, Labor, Race, Tariff, Trusts and Regulation of Business, and votes for Women. Majority of the people desired change, as would I if I were to have lived during this timeRead MoreHow Far Did Us Presidents Hinder Rather Than Help the Development of African American Civil Rights in the Period from 1865-1941?1644 Words   |  7 Pagespotential to change the lives of all blacks in America, however not one slave was liberated due to Lincoln supporting the Confederacy. Although Lincoln had such racist views, he made a significant development in the rights of African Americans. However, other presidents from this period shared similar views and did all they could to halt the progression of civil rights for blacks. It could be argued, but I think one of the main Presidents who played a significant role in hindering progress for blacksRead MoreT. S. Eliot The Waste Land Essay1551 Words   |  7 PagesSooyeon Kim Professor Dunlap History 118 Unit Exam No. 2 17 Oct 2017 Progressivism as a Project of Humanity: Roosevelt, Wilson, the Great War These fragments I have shored against my ruins Why then Ile fit you. Hireronymo’s mad againe. Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata. Shantih shantih shantih --T.s. Eliot, The Waste Land (1922)[1] I. THE AFTERMATH of the Industrial Revolution revealed new realities born of the marriage between technology and capitalism. Central to the Progressive motivation was theRead MoreThe Age Of Uncertainty Between 1890 And 1920 s A New Movement Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pages Along with this American ideal came the concept of being un-American and not standing for what was considered â€Å"true† American. With the emergence of Populists, Progressives and Radicals came a vast difference between what was thought as American. All groups claimed to be trying to make the US a better place however each differed vastly in their ideas of going about it. During the age of uncertainty between 1890 and the 1920’s a new movement called the Progressives emerged in parts of the UnitesRead MoreThe Gilded Age : A Powerhouse Rose From The Ashes Of The Civil War871 Words   |  4 Pagesunbelievable abundant stock of possessions like timber in the West, Gilded Era took off with railroads l eading the way. The upper class was swiftly covered in cash, and an exclusive culture commenced to grow around luxurious goods. Politics seen a change in the late 19th century when the Populist movement entered the ring. â€Å"It was the Farmers Alliance that was the core of the great movement of the 1880s and 1890s later known as the Populist Movement.† (Zinn). The Populist Party was against businesses

Research Paper on English Free Essays

As a consequence of the rapid globalization, the knowledge in communication is a need to survive in today’s life. We are required to have the skills in exchanging ideas with Different people, for we are now habituated to speaking to people from various places worldwide. English is the universal language, and the use of it enables us to communicate easily to other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on English or any similar topic only for you Order Now In school, there is an English subject in our curriculum. The idea of the need of learning this has been the factor that this research is made. Grammar is the foundation of all language. It is why our words produce ideas. And every word shall be properly organized to construct the intended thought. Through this study, the researcher will discuss the dynamics of the right grammar, the tenses to be used, and the subject-verb agreement strictly to be followed. This research will also facilitate future researchers on their further study about the same topic. Statement of the problem 1. What is English grammar? -The term â€Å"English grammar,† therefore, may have several meanings. It may refer to the whole of English grammar—that is, to the grammars of all the speakers of the language, which means including a great deal of variation. Alternatively, it may refer only to what is common to the grammars of all, or of the vast majority of, English speakers (such as subject-verb-object word order in simple declarative sentences). Or it may refer to the rules of a particular, relatively well defined variety of English (such as Standard English). â€Å"An English grammar† is a specific description, study or analysis of such rules. A reference book describing the grammar of a language is called a â€Å"reference grammar† or simply â€Å"a grammar†. A fully explicit grammar exhaustively describing the grammatical constructions of a language is called a descriptive grammar. Linguistic description contrasts with linguistic prescription, which tries to enforce rules of how a language is to be used. 2. What is tense? Tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time that indicates when the situation takes place. In languages which have tense, it is usually indicated by a verb or modal, often combined with categories such as aspect, mood, and voice. 3. Importance of the study This topic aims to develop the communicative competence of the students in English, so that they can use the language in day to day interaction and more opportunity in academic situation. Limitations of the study This study limits only to the English language and its common rules, Thus, this research will only provide rules, examples, and tips in our English grammar. Definition of terms Grammar- is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Linguists do not normally use the term to refer to orthographical rules, although usage books and style guides that call themselves grammars may also refer to spelling and punctuation. Tense- is a grammatical category that locates a ituation in time that indicates when the situation takes place. In languages which have tense, it is usually indicated by a verb or modal, often combined with categories such as aspect, mood, and voice. Subject-Verb agreement- The basic grammar rule in English is, of course, the subject-verb agreement rule. It prescribes that the operative verb of a sentence should always agree with its subject in number. This means that a subject thatâ€⠄¢s singular in number should take a verb in the singular form, and that a subject that’s plural in number should take a verb in the plural form. How to cite Research Paper on English, Essays

International Business Environment M&S Textiles

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business Environmentfor MS Textiles. Answer: Environmental Analysis of Thailand There is an extensive need to perform the analysis of the host country where MS Textiles wants to have its business expansion as this analysis helps in understanding the potential advantages and risks associated with the host country, Thailand. Following is the analysis of the legal, political and economic business environment of Thailand for having successful operations of MS Textiles. Business Environment (Legal) There is a combination of Western Laws and the traditional Thai Laws in the legal system of the country of Thailand. For appealing, the highest court is the Constitutional Court but there is restricted jurisdiction to the constitutional issues. Senate nominate the members are the King appoints them. There is jurisdiction of the Court of justice on the civil and the criminal cases as well as they are managed in three tiers that comprises of, the Supreme Court of Justice, the Court of Appeals and the third is Courts of first instance (Feeny, 2011). As per the trade regulations, it has been analysed that the government of Thailand incorporates a highly liberal attitude against the international trade and business. There is removal of barriers related to non-tariff, duties and the tariffs because of having membership in the renowned ASEAN i.e. the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and WTO i.e. World Trade Organisation. The domestic as well as the international organisations are offe red with governmental grants, as well as there are benefits such as exemption of import duties, reduced taxation etc. (Al-Swidi and Shahzad, 2014). Business Environment (Political) Thailand is considered as a politically instable nation and has to manage numerous anti-governmental protests. The instability is a great threat for MS Textiles performing business in Thailand. The government of Thailand devise numerous strategies for strengthening the electronic, automobile, textile and agricultural industry. This gives an opportunity to MS Textiles to have successful business operations in Thailand. The government encourage the participation of the private sector and specially the medium and small scale organisations (Chittithaworn, et al., 2011). Thailand is a constitutional monarchy where the country is headed by the Kings. The rapidly expanding and large markets of Thailand facilitate leading MNCs, inspires local innovators, permit FDIs and also have sustained market environment for global organisations (Phongpaichit and Baker, 2004). Business Environment (Economic) Thailands economy is considered as middle class economy. It is forecasted that the economy will grow with a 7 percent CAGR for reaching US$522 billion by the year end 2017. The country is one of the members of ASEAN and also has close association with the ASEAN nations (tradingeconomics, 2016). The economy of the Thailand is advanced by growth in cost-effective labour, vibrant markets and high export value attracts the foreign investors with a supporting Government that encourage investment through guidelines and policies focus on free trade and liberalisation. In the last two decades, there is extensive reduction in the levels of unemployment, poverty and inflation. It empowers MS Textiles to have a sustainable trade and business in the regions of Thailand (Zadek, 2006). Advantages of Doing Business in Thailand Cheap labour Low cost of living Good infrastructure Safe place High availability of skilled labour Government support Free economy and trade Economic development (Wong, 2013) Disadvantages of Doing Business in Thailand Increased corruption Language barriers Augmented market competition High level of imitation Restriction related to the Pollution (Wong, 2013) Recommendations From the legal, political and economic analysis of Thailand, it has been identified that there are several potential risks and potential challenges in the external environment of the country. Following are the recommendations which can help MS Textiles in having suitable and successful business operations in Thailand: There is a need of adequate capital for investment; it is advisable to MS Textiles to have proper financial planning before having global expansion in the regions of Thailand. It is recommended to MS Textiles to have the establishment of the unit at such as place from where there can be easy transport facility. As there is increased traffic in Thailand so the distance in the units must be shortened. As there are numerous differences in the cultures of the host and home country, therefore it is recommended to MS Textiles to appoint a mediator or a cross-cultural advisor which can help the company in overcoming the challenges of diverse culture and language barriers. References Al-Swidi, A.K. and Shahzad, A., 2014. The business competitiveness of Thailand in the ASEAN region.Business and Economic Research,4(1), p.48. Chittithaworn, C., Islam, M.A., Keawchana, T. and Yusuf, D.H.M., 2011. Factors affecting business success of small medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand.Asian Social Science,7(5), p.180. Feeny, D.H., 2011.The political economy of productivity: Thai agricultural development, 1880-1975. UBC Press. Phongpaichit, P. and Baker, C.J., 2004.Thaksin: The business of politics in Thailand. NIAS Press. Wong, V., 2013. What are the Pros and Cons of Running a business in Thailand. Accessed on: 21st April, 2017. Accessed from: https://www.servcorp.co.th/en/blog/2015/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-running-a-business-in-thailand/ Zadek, S., 2006. Responsible competitiveness: Reshaping global markets through responsible business practices.Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society,6(4), pp.334-348.

Theory of Change

Introduction Theories of change have broadened since 1970s to include family and society as integral components of psychotherapy. Like other therapists, I have realized that therapies should be responsive to the needs of individuals, families, and communities for clients to change according to their social and physical environments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research has proved that therapies are effective if they are applicable at family levels since social and physical environments are significant determinants of the outcomes of a given therapy (Fuller, 2004). Hence, I suppose that by targeting families as social environments that catalyze changes is a critical step towards effecting changes among family members. According to Fuller 2004, â€Å"when family members are desperate, they change, but when they are not desperate, they stay the same† (p.17 8). Since clients are family members who are desperate, they are in dire need of change, which lies deep within theories of change. Therefore, in this view, I am interested in applying theories of change in families to address problems and issues that family members are struggling to resolve. The theory of change comprises a series of interventions that help clients to recover in a gradual process. Anderson (2005) states, â€Å"Theory of change is the product of a series of critical thinking exercises that provide a comprehensive picture of the early and intermediate-term† (p.12). A comprehensive theory of change outlines the assumptions of the change process and describes the steps through which change occurs. As a therapist, I tend to apply change theories such as the solution-focused family therapy, narrative therapy, and structural family therapy in resolving problems within families because they are effective in causing required change.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, since these theories have common assumptions and functions, I have developed an interest of implementing them during therapy because they provide necessary tools and skills, which are of great importance in family therapy. Therefore, this essay focuses on the theory of change by examining goals, assessment strategies, assumptions, principles, and views of therapists. Goals of Therapy The central goal of therapy inside a therapy room is to empower clients to be strong and overcome trauma. Clients usually seek therapy when problems that they face in life become too heavy for them to endure alone. Hence, the major objective of therapy is to relieve the clients’ emotional and psychological burdens using appropriate psychological interventions. The goal of the solution-focused therapy is to enable clients to resolve problems using their own strengths. Greenberg, Ganshor n, and Danilkewich (2001) posit, â€Å"Solution-focused therapy recognizes that even in the bleakest of circumstances an emphasis on individual strength is empowering† (p.2289). Despite the fact that an individual may be too weak to endure and resolve a given problem in life, solution-focused family therapy maintains that, an individual has residual energy to overcome problems in life. By use of coping questions in the therapy room, clients can recognize their strengths and use them effectively. Therefore, as aforementioned, the cardinal goal of therapy is to revive the inherent latent strength within an individual and encourage one to overcome the problems that he or she is facing. Another goal of the solution-focused therapy is to enable clients to focus their on solutions when resolving issues that affect their lives. Clients have inherent solutions, but the problem is that they cannot focus on the solutions to resolve their problems effectively.Advertising We will wr ite a custom essay sample on Theory of Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Given that solutions to a given problem or an issue are many and diverse, lack of focus on the part of clients complicates the process of resolution. Therefore, the goal of the solution-focused therapy is to enable clients to focus their perceived solutions towards resolutions of the problems. The major work of a therapist in solution-focused therapy is to guide clients into focusing solutions towards resolution of their problems, because they cannot resolve them on their own. According to Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001), clients understand their lives for the only thing that they require from therapists is guidance on how to resolve problems that affect them. In this case, the exception questions encourage clients to utilize their strengths, thus amplifying the probable solutions. Hence, the goal of therapy is to support clients in implementing interventions that they perceive as effective solutions to their problems. Moreover, the goal of therapy inside a therapy room is to make clients to forget about their past and dwell on the present and future. By focusing on the present and future, clients can develop strength and overcome negative feelings that weigh them down. The reason why many people are unable to resolve issues affecting their lives is that they utilize a great deal of their energies in focusing about the past, which cannot change. In this light, solution-focused therapy enables clients to focus on the present and future, thus promoting resolution of problems. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) assert that the use of accolades in solution-focused therapy has multiple effects of encouraging patients, setting expectations, fostering confidence, maintaining rapport, and facilitates building of relationships. The utilization of accolades forms the foundation of therapy in a therapy room, since they creat e rapport, which is critical in initiating a solution talk. The goal of therapy is to examine the impacts of problems on people rather than examining problems as an integral part of people. In essence, the process of examining problems as different entities that affect people amounts to externalization.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Externalization reduces stigmatization and victimization of clients according to the nature of a problem that they are struggling to overcome. Stigmatization and victimization of clients slows down the process of recovery. Shapiro and Ross (2002) posit, â€Å"A narrative approach advocates for externalizing the patient’s problem by locating it outside the individual and within the culture† (p. 97). In the narrative therapy, the goal of a therapist is to externalize problems that clients face. Successful externalization of problems allows patients to perceive their problems as external entities, which do not form a permanent part of their lives. Externalization is applicable outside the therapy room because it enhances the ability of clients to cope with the stigma associated with their problems. Such perception relieves stress from clients and reduces responsibility of therapists in the process of delivering therapy. Since families exist as systems within the society, the goal of therapy outside the therapy room is to enhance functionalities of families. Families that function well have the capacity to solve problems that affect family members, while dysfunctional families are ineffective in addressing such problems. Structural family therapy holds that problems in families occur due to dysfunctional nature of the systems in a family setting. Nichols and Schwartz (2004) assert, â€Å"The goal of structural family therapy is to facilitate the growth of the system to resolve symptoms and encourage growth in individuals, while also preserving the mutual support of the family† (p.187). Therefore, therapists must ensure that families of the clients are functioning well for any therapy to be effective in resolution of the prevailing problems. Assessment Strategies and Process of Therapy After taking clients through the process of therapy, therapists expect them to show some significant changes. As the objective of solution-focused family therapy is to enable clients to acquire strengths essential in resolution of problems, the capacity of clients to resolve problems on their own provides an effective assessment parameter. In the application of solution-focused therapy, therapists can assess the progress of their clients as the therapy enhances optimism on the part of patients. According to Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001), solution focused therapy provides for the assessment of behavior changes with time in response to therapy. Hence, assessment of client’s behavior in terms of the ability to solve problems on his or her own is imperative in assessment of behavior change. As the objective of the solution-focused therapy is to assist clients to forget about their past and dwell on the present and future, assessment of their perception of problems enables therapists to monitor the course of therapy. The progress of clients in therapy falls in the continuum that ranges from those who have negative thoughts t o those who harbor positive thoughts. Solution-focused therapy employs scaling questions in assessing the nature of thoughts that clients harbor. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) posit, â€Å"Scaling questions measure problem severity, progress toward a goal, confidence, and commitment to a goal† (p.2292). Hence, scaling questions provide means of assessing the progress of patients during therapy. The goal of narrative theory is to externalize problems that affect clients. Since the extent of externalization determines how clients perceive problems that affect them, assessment of clients’ perception is critical. The way patients perceive their problems in terms of â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad† underscores externalization (Shapiro Ross, 2002). Clients who still perceive their problems as an integral part of their lives can see themselves as hopeless. In contrast, clients who have managed to externalize their problems would perceive life with an opt imistic attitude. Therefore, assessment of the elements associated with externalization of the problems under consideration gives an accurate way of ascertaining the impact of therapy on clients. According to structural family therapy, family problems are inherent in structural organization and functions of a given family. Since the family is a system with structural organization, which shows a form of power distribution, functionality of the family is critical in showing the impact of therapy. The assessment of the impact of structural family therapy focuses on both organization and functionality aspects of a certain family. Nichols and Schwartz (2004) argue, â€Å"A structural assessment is based on the assumption that a family’s difficulties often reflect problems in the way the family is organized† (p.189). Poor organization of the family complicates resolution of problems, while good organization eases resolution of problems. In the aspect of functionality, famili es that function well can easily address their problems when compared to dysfunctional families. Assumptions about Family and Change One assumption of solution-focused therapy is that change is constant. In the family set up, often changes occur in response to challenges. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) posit, â€Å"Change is constant, inevitable, and contagious† (p.2290). Since change is constant, solution building is a dynamic process that therapists should understand when they are providing therapy to clients. When clients face problems, they respond by seeking change. The response of change is critical for change is constant in families. The relationships that exist in families play a central role in facilitating change because they are dynamic and subject to changes in the family level. Another assumption of therapy is that clients have inherent abilities to overcome the problems that they encounter in life. Given that problems that require therapeutic interv entions to address are very complicated for clients to resolve without any assistance, therapy is helpful for it amplifies the inherent abilities of clients to deal with the problem. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) explain that the role of therapists is to amplify expertise that clients have in addressing issues affecting them. Although clients have expertise in resolving of their problems, they need motivation so that they can gain the courage to address complex problems. The assumption of solution-focused therapy is that family members have strengths to overcome problems that seem complex in their lives. In this assumption, the role of therapists is to enhance strengths of clients so that they can solve problems on their own. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) reveal, â€Å"Patients have strengths, resources, and coping skills that drive change while generating optimism and hope† (p. 2290). Resources and strengths that clients have are enough to overcom e problems and challenges that affect them. Hence, for therapists to deliver their therapies effectively and bring change, they must utilize resources and strengths that are inherent in clients. At the family level, therapy assumes that problems that families face originate from structural organization and functionality of family. According to Nichols and Schwartz (2004), the assumption of structural family therapy is that the nature of problems that family members face is dependent on the structural organization and functionality of a given family. Well-organized families promote good interaction among members, thus reducing incidents of disagreements and conflicts associated with complex relationships that exist in different families. Additionally, families that function properly have reduced problems because family members work in a concerted manner. Therefore, for therapists to optimize the impact of their therapies, they must ensure that families have proper organization while functioning in an effective manner. Since families and individuals exist in society with diverse cultural and social factors, they tend to adopt these factors to suit their needs. In this view, narrative therapy assumes that social and cultural aspects that surround clients in society have a significant role in causing change. Shapiro and Ross (2002) argue, â€Å"The basis of narrative therapy is a social constructionism or the idea that the way people experience themselves and their situation is constructed through culturally mediated social interactions† (p.96). As people attach meanings to different concepts in society, the narrative therapy utilizes these meanings in eliciting certain changes of behavior in therapy. Therefore, therapists should utilize narratives that have social and cultural elements for clients to decipher symbols used and attach meanings, thus bringing about change during therapy. Major Interventions The intervention of using the miracle question is ef fective is family therapy because it enables clients to examine their situations from different perspectives, thus enhancing the perception of their problems. As clients normally analyze their problems from a single perspective, they find it difficult and impossible to resolve problems in their lives. In this view, miracle questions aim at expanding perspective and enhancing understanding of problems, thus enabling clients to resolve their problems. Application of miracle questions in therapy is an effective way of probing clients to initiate resolution of problems that they face in their families. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) assert that miracle questions facilitate in the development of goals in therapy since solution-focused therapy is a goal-oriented therapy. Hence, the intervention of applying miracle questions during therapy is critical in effecting changes among clients. Providing homework tasks is an intervention, which ensures that clients continue with the p rocess of resolving their problems despite the fact that they are away from therapists. Since different clients have different abilities of coping with problems that influence their lives, some clients are too weak to cope well during the process of therapy. In this view, homework tasks are necessary so that they can remain active throughout the process of therapy. Homework tasks enhance coping process as they engage clients in focusing on present and future aspects of their problems rather than the past, which is the major objective of solution focused therapy. Greenberg, Ganshorn, and Danilkewich (2001) advise therapists to provide homework tasks to clients who have a clear focus on what they expect from therapy, but not those who have no clear focus. Such classification of clients enables therapists to assess the needs of clients and provide a customized therapy. Externalization of the problems among clients is another intervention, which is essential in reducing stigmatization a nd victimization of clients. The stigma that clients have during the process of therapy has considerable impact in reducing the effectiveness of therapy. Although therapy may be effective, stigmatization, and victimization, which occurs during therapy negates the progress that therapists make. Hence, for therapies to be effective in resolving problems that clients face, therapists should apply interventions that seek to externalize the problems from individuals and families. According to Shapiro and Ross (2002), externalization reduces self-blame and stigma that patients face in society. Therefore, externalization is a critical intervention in reducing the stigma associated with problems that clients face, particularly in the family set up. Utilization of family therapies is another intervention that is essential in creating a friendly environment. The nature of social and physical environment where therapy occurs determines the success of a given therapy. Other therapies such as ps ychoanalysis and art therapy have some setbacks because clients do not feel free when interacting with therapists. Hence, the application of therapies that consider needs of family members creates rapport, which promotes interactions between clients and therapists, thus enhancing the effectiveness of the therapy. Fuller (2004) argues that a therapy that meets the unique needs of clients â€Å"is not merely centre-based therapy displaced into patients’ homes, but rather requires the therapists to integrate different rules of conduct and, at times, different forms of intervention† (p.179). The integration of interventions that provide for the needs of clients creates a friendly social environment where clients can share their problems freely without any reservations that are usually associated with the process of therapy. Restructuring family set up to enhance organization and functionality of families is an intervention that is applicable in families. Problems that occu r in families or among family members originate from structural and functional aspects of a family. This aspect means that therapists should restructure families with the aim of enhancing their functions and relieving conflicts. Fundamentally, structural family therapy seeks to bring changes in family by modifying the family structure. Nichols and Schwartz (2004) insist, â€Å"The therapist produces a change by joining the family, probing for areas of flexibility, and then activating dormant structural alternatives† (p.187). Hence, restructuring of families to enhance efficiency of its functions is critical in resolution of problems that clients face. Person of Therapist As a therapist, I believe that therapy enables clients to overcome problems that they face in the family or society. Hence, I perceive that a therapist has a role of helping clients to overcome their problems because they already have solutions to their problems. Evidently, since solution-focused therapy is a proven effective tool in resolution of problems in families, the intervention of optimizing solutions is imperative. According to the assumption of solution-focused therapy, I concur that clients are experts in resolution of problems that affect them because they are in contact with the problems. In this view, my role as a therapist is to optimize solutions that clients have concerning the problems that affect them. Additionally, I also support the assumption of solution-focused therapy that clients have inherent resources, coping skills, and strengths, which are important in resolution of problems. Therefore, I should take advantage of resources, coping skills, and strengths that patients have when delivering therapy. Given that the nature of therapy and environment under which therapy occurs determine the effectiveness of therapy in resolution of problems, I hold that customization of therapies according to the needs of customers is critical. Therapies that consider unique needs of clients are effective because clients can freely interact with therapists due to friendliness of the environment. Unfriendly atmosphere usually makes clients to become unresponsive to therapy. Fundamentally, therapies that are sensitive to the needs of clients provide means of creating good relationships with clients so that they can respond to therapy in a positive manner, hence promoting efficiency of the therapy. The application of family interventions in therapy has been effective in enhancing the outcome of a therapy. Ample evidence shows that clients are more responsive to family interventions than interventions that are applicable out of family set up due to friendliness of the therapy process. Hence, as a therapist, I think that the incorporation of family interventions has a significant role in enhancing therapy outcomes. Additionally, I think that families have significant influence in determining the therapy progress and outcome. I support the principle of structural f amily therapy that organization and functionality of a family determines the resolution of problems. In essence, well-organized families experience fewer conflicts and have high coping abilities. In contrast, poorly organized families experience a great deal of problems as disorganization complicates resolution of conflicts. Moreover, the manner in which families function predicts their susceptibility to problems. I perceive that families that do not function efficiently are prone to problems as compared to families that function well. On this basis, I think that my responsibility as a therapist is to restructure families well with the view of enhancing their functions. How families function is dependent on their structure, hence, an appropriate target for therapists. Since stigma associated with the problem has negative impacts on the process of therapy, I believe that externalization of problems provides means of reducing impacts of stigma. Problems differ in families and society, and thus they have different levels of stigma. In this view, a therapist should assess fears and reservations that clients have with a view of ascertaining the levels of stigma. Effective externalization of the problems will enhance coping skills of clients, as they will not be struggling with negative feelings, but having optimism in resolution of their problems. Thus, I think that externalization is central in enhancing the effectiveness of a therapy. Conclusion In theories of change, family and society play significant roles in determining the impact of therapy on clients. Since families comprise inherent systems in society, problems that people face emanate from family relationships or social environments in society. In this paper, I have noted that theories of change such as solution-focused therapy, narrative therapy, and structural family therapy are proven effective tools in resolution of problems that clients face within the context of family and society. Moreover, I have realized that different assumptions and principles concur that clients and their families have inherent strengths, expertise, resources, and abilities that are paramount on tackling problems. In this view, I seek to apply principles and assumptions associated with these theories of change in guiding clients through the process of therapy, thus enabling them to resolve their problems. References Anderson, A. (2005). An introduction to the theory of change. The Evaluation Exchange,  11(2), 12-13. Fuller, A. (2004). Crisis: Home-based family therapy. Australian New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 25(4), 177-182. Greenberg, G., Ganshorn, K., Danilkewich, A. (2001). Solution-focused therapy: Counseling model for busy family physicians. Canadian Family Physician, 47, 2289-2295. Nichols, M., Schwartz, R. (2004). The essentials of family therapy. New York, NY: Allyn Bacon. Shapiro, J., Ross, V. (2002). Applications of narrative theory and therapy to the practice of family medicine . Family Medicine, 34(2): 96-100. This essay on Theory of Change was written and submitted by user Marcus Valentine to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

2016 - 2017 ACT Scoring Details

2016 - 2017 ACT Scoring Details The one facet of the ACT exam that seems to stress kids out the very most is the ACT scoring system. Of course, it’s easy to understand why! ACT scoring is very important because money and scholarships can be tied to your composite score and people tend to tie prestige to the score you manage to earn, too. The higher the score, the more bragging rights you get. So, just how does it work? And how do colleges get your scores and use them? Sit tight. You’re about to find out the ins and outs of the ACT scoring system and all the hoopla that goes with it. ACT Scoring Changes The ACT announced in June 2016, that it will be revising the score reporting for the 2016 - 2017 test administrations. What does this mean for you? When you get your score report back after registering, preparing and taking the ACT, you’ll see a number of different things on your scoring sheet. The ACT changed how it reports scoring. Instead of receiving subscores based on the subcategories under each section, students now receive percentages on a comprehensive set of reporting categories. These reporting categories make it easier for parents and students to determine exactly what types of skills testers need to brush up on the most. Heres what your current score report will contain.   Composite Score: Your composite score will be between a 1 (really low) and 36 (genius). This is an average of each multiple choice section.Section Scores: Each multiple-choice test section (English, Math, Reading, and Science) will get a raw score, based on the total number of questions you answer correctly. That score will then be converted to a scaled score, between 1 and 36.STEM Score: In September 2015, the ACT began reporting a STEM score that was the rounded average of Math and Science.ELA Score: At that time, they also began reporting the rounded average of English, Reading, and Writing scores as a general English Language Arts score.Reporting Categories: Although you will not get scores for these areas, per se, you will receive percentages correct out of the categories along with the total possible and total correct.ACT Plus Writing: If you take the Writing test, youll get an overall score between 2 and 12 because although the ACT changed the Writing score to 1-36 like the ot her multiple choice test section scores in 2015, it is changing it back for the 2016 - 2017 administrations. Youll also get four writing competency scores on a scale of 2 - 12 in these domains: Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, and Language Use and Conventions. The ACT Reporting Categories Below, youll find the multiple choice sections of the test, along with the reporting categories youll find on your score report. The numbers in parentheses are the total number of questions for a sample score report*. On the score report, youll find the correct number you answered out of that total number, what that number looks like as a percentage, and the ACT Readiness Range, which shows you how your  performance on each reporting category compares to students who have met the ACT College Readiness Benchmark on that section.    *Please note that the number of each type of question could change, depending on the test.    MathPreparing for Higher Math (~35 total questions)Number and Quantity (5)Algebra (8)Functions (8)Statistics and Probability (6)Geometry  (8)Integrating Essentail Skills (~25)Modeling (~22)ScienceInterpretation of Data (~16)Scientific Investigation (~10)Evaluation of Models, Inferences, and Scientific Results (~14)EnglishProduction of Writing (~23)Knowledge of Language (~12)Conventions of Standard English (~40)ReadingKey Ideas and Details (~24)Craft and Structure (~11)Integration of Knowledge and Ideas (~5)Understanding Complex Texts reported as Below, Proficient, or Above How the ACT Scoring Works on the Essay The 2-12 score range for 2016-2017 is very quite than the one used in 2014-2015. The old Writing score was simply the sum of two readers’ grades between 1 - 6. The new score range, however, is an average domain score, rounded up to the nearest number at .5.   Take the following example: A student scoring these domain numbers: Grader As scores: 4, 6, 4, 5Grader Bs scores: 4, 5, 4, 6  Total scores: 8, 11, 8, 11 38Writing score is a 10 because 38/4 9.5 ACT Raw to Scaled Scoring When youre finished with your test and it heads off to be graded, the graders first count the number of questions that you answered correctly in each test section and in each subscore area. The number of correct answers is your raw score. The reporting categories will show you those raw scores - how many questions you actually answered correctly in each category. Then, those raw scores are converted to the scaled scores. Scaled scores are the scores that you’ll get back and the scores that are sent to your high school and the colleges to which you’re applying. The exact raw to scale tables that are used are not published, as they differ depending on the test questions used per test. Having a scaled score allows the ACT to be as fair as possible, considering different test questions and versions are used. The good news is that you don’t have to worry about your raw score except when you’re actually taking the test – you want to answer as many questions correctly as possible and attempt every one. You aren’t penalized for guessing like you are on the SAT. But on your score report, you won’t see your raw score, so you don’t need to sweat it! ACT Scoring Compared To Other Students On your score report, you’ll also see a score percentile, which compares you to the rest of the nation. The national average tends to hover right around a 20 or 21, but many scholarships start at around a 27 composite score and go up from there depending on the school and program to which you’re applying. Here are some ACT scoring averages and percentiles for you to check out: The best of the best ACT scoresAverage national ACT scoresAverage ACT scores for top private universitiesAverage ACT scores for top public universities If I Retake the ACT, Do Colleges See All My ACT Scoring? If you take the ACT more than once, you get to choose which set of scores to send to colleges. So, the schools will not see all of your ACT scores unless you choose to send them all. This is a very big deal especially if you do not perform very well during one testing session and ace another!

The Use of an Incentive Spirometer Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Use of an Incentive Spirometer - Coursework Example Mrs. Lucas does not seem to have followed through with any of the verbal instructions you have given so far in regards to pre-operative preparation (she is not an auditory learner). Write a teaching plan for Mrs. Lucas. Ensure your plan includes: learning objectives, teaching strategies (tailored to Mrs. Lucas’s learning style), and your evaluation criteria. QUESTION 2: You are providing nursing care for Mr. Darcy following chemotherapy treatment. Mr. Darcy has been educated to conduct mouthwashes with sodium bicarbonate before and after each meal and before sleep at night throughout the course of his treatment. This strategy aims to reduce the likelihood of Mr. Darcy developing mouth ulcers associated with his treatment. QUESTION 6: Imagine you were working in a hospital when you slipped and hurt your back resulting in constant, centralized back pain and difficulty mobilizing. You are physically examined by a medical officer in your workplace who determines the injury is soft tissue damage. She states that you should take oral pain relief like anti-inflammatory medication, have regular physiotherapy and return in two weeks for a review of your condition. She completes a work cover and physiotherapy referral letter. What would 4 pieces of information the medical officer provide the physiotherapist about you? QUESTION 7: Mr. Collins is a fifty-year-old man who lives with his 48-year-old wife and 22-year-old daughter. He has chronic asthma and has been admitted to the local hospital on several occasions with exacerbations of his asthma. Following his last hospital admission, Mr. Collins was referred to the community health center and has an appointment with you (the community nurse) in the community-based asthma education program – You gain the following information from Mr. Collins: 1) When he experiences an asthma exacerbation he has a harsh, non-productive cough, feels breathless and is very restless and unable to sleep.

Film Analysis of Some Like it Hot Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Analysis of Some Like it Hot - Movie Review Example They have to dress and act like girls. Although they start liking the female members of the band, they cannot tell them so since they are not willing to reveal their identity. Joe is in love with a band member called sugar. On the other hand, a millionaire called Osgood Fielding wants a relationship with Daphne and even invites him on a yacht. Though not openly stated, the theme of politics is somehow featured in the movie. The changed identity is depictive of how politicians change when they are elected. They forget what they are supposed to represent and start focusing on their own selfish issues. Just like, Joe and Daphne managed to conceal their identity and convince people that they were female. Politicians possess several identities, which they adopt depending on where they are. At times, they use their multiple identities to deceive people (Wilder, Castle and Auiler 66-71, 81-83). 2. Does the film’s maker (writer, director) have their own unique point of view on the pol itics and/ or cultural life in the 1950s if so, what is it? Explain. Although the movie was set when issues such as sexuality were not serious, the movie features these themes. The filmmakers of I like it Hot have a unique point of view regarding cultural life. A good example is shown when Osgood falls in love with Jerry thinking that he is a woman. However, when Osgood realizes Jerry is a man, he does not care. This is a unique outlook on the issue of homosexuality. Anybody would have expected Osgood to avoid Jerry’s company completely, considering the movie was shot in 1950’s. A period when few would publicly acknowledge they were gay. Another unique outlook that the makers of some like it hot demonstrate is on the first glance appearances. Most of the characters adopt a deceptive attitude, which is revealed later. Jerry and Joe pretend to be male and through them, the true nature of characters such as Sugar and Osgood are revealed. Through Joe we learn of Sugars yea rning for money. Through Jerry, Osgood is revealed as being heterosexual (Wilder, Castle and Auiler 112-118). 3. Does this movie have messages or themes? Identify them. Do you think that the movie’s themes and messages still relevant to audiences of 2012? Why or why not? Explain. The movie â€Å"Some Like it Hot† was remarkably ahead of time. It features themes on issues that are being witnessed in the contemporary society. In the movie, there is an issue of a man wanting to marry another man knowingly. This is quite similar to the recent happenings regarding gay marriages. The issue has been viewed with suspicion with most people opposing it utterly. In addition to sexuality, the movie features the issues of sexism and cross-dressing, which are concerns of the modern society. As the movie uncovers the difficult role that women were supposed to play are revealed (Wilder, Castle and Auiler 200-205). Another theme is the theme of sex, gender confusion. Jerry pretends to be female to appoint where he appears confused about his real identity. This theme would apply in the contemporary society where people appear unsure about their sexuality. Some people opt to go undergo surgery to alter their sexuality hoping to escape from the problems associated with certain gender. Although Jerry and Joe alter their gender for different reasons, their reluctant to revel their identity reflects the contemporary sex identity conflicts. Another theme feature in the movie is the theme of crime. Joe and Jerry are running away from a mob that

See attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

See attachment - Essay Example Adequate working ambience and other motivators then act towards maximizing the productivity and satisfaction. Job design and work organization work towards complementing each other’s roles. This set of analysis is the specification of the contents, method and relationships of jobs to satisfy technological and organizational requirements as well as the personal needs of job holders1. A systematic body of knowledge on the design of jobs is a result of the Industrial revolution and the rise of large-scale economic enterprises. Principles of scientific management developed by Frederick W Taylor2 around 1900 form the basis for designing jobs in most organizations. The primary emphasis of scientific management was on planning, standardizing and improving human efforts at the operating level in order to maximize output with least amount of input. But now behavioral part is also included into managing the human resources. Now profit maximization is not the only motive, but establishing a relationship with the customers and employees have become equally important parts of the managerial tasks. Management Driven Approach: According to this school of thought management will be most effective if it devises rules and procedures to govern the staff for the task to be undertaken. In this approach management is assumed to be a class apart and more effective than labor at devising methods for executing the work and then at planning and organizing. Workers as Economic entities: According to this school of thought, human beings are considered as rational economic beings. And maximum output is thought to be the direct consequence of the policy of relating pay levels to the output. This theory assumes that primary goal of human beings is the monetary compensation and the reward systems. As such, humans will examine a situation and identify a course of action likely to maximize their self interest and act accordingly. All that is required to

Analysis Of Celcom Axiata Investment In Tune Talk Marketing Essay

Analysis Of Celcom Axiata Investment In Tune Talk Marketing Essay Celcom Axiata is a member of Axiata Group is facing tough competition against the other major telecommunication rivals. Having coined as malay telco provider that is, Celcom Axiata has weak penetration into some major markets and the strategy to overcome this is by appointing the Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO) to penetrate into the identified markets using their own brand, look and feel. Celcom Axiata business model for Tune Talk MVNO is by having 35% stakes in the company. After over 11 months in operation, Celcom Axiata is reviewing its position in this company whether to remain its stake, increase its shareholding or pullout. Prior to making any decision with its investment, Celcom Axiata needs to evaluate the existing Tune Talk financial standing and its capability to provide the required return on investment as well as its ability to handle the issues at hands especially those concerning the cash flows. Introduction Celcom Axiata is one of the 4 major mobile telecommunication companies in Malaysia. As at 31st March 2010, Celcom Axiata was ranked as second largest mobile telecommunication company behind Maxis, and ahead of Digi and U Mobile respectively. Celcom Axiata is a member of Axiata Group of companies who manage a group of Mobile Telecommunications in the Asia region. Axiata Group was previously known as TM International and part of TM (Telekom Malaysia) Group. The process of de-merger within TM Group saw the birth of Axiata Group, meant to focus on mobile telecommunications arm of the corporation within the region whilst TM continue to maintain its fixed lines business as well as broadband provider. According to the first quarter financial report, Celcom Axiata continue to show double digit growth on a YoY basis in all key indicators. Revenue was up 15% whilst Earning Before Interest Tax Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) increased by 16%. In tandem, Profit After Tax (PAT) was up 24% in the same period. On a QoQ basis, Celcom continued to show positive performance. Despite coming off an exceptional 4Q09, which recorded the highest ever quarterly growth, revenue growth was marginal, but still up by 0.2%. Continued focus on costs saw EBITDA up by 2% with margins improving by 0.7 percentage points QoQ to 45.4%. PAT showed a robust increase of 7% to RM441 million (Celcom Axiata media release, 27th May 2010). Celcom Axiata has been aggressively expanding its network and coverage to cater for the increasing demand by the customers. Despite its continuous efforts to penetrate into the various segments in this country, Celcom Axiata still lagging in some of key markets such as the Chinese market segment, immigrant market segment and student market or low income earners segment. These markets are predominantly controlled by Maxis and Digi and will be the key success factor for Celcom Axiata to capture in order to become the number one mobile telecommunication provider in this country. One of the strategy to penetrate into these segments as single out by Celcom Axiata is by way of having a Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) approach. MVNO means Celcom Axiata will appoint a third party to run the mobile business using their own brand, leveraging on their own strength such as networking, channel of distribution, marketing and customer service. By doing this, Celcom Axiata can reduce its financial burden on the go-to-market cost which in turn will be born by the MVNO partners themselves. To date there are four MVNOs appointed and launched by Celcom whereby each of them is given different market segment to penetrate and capture. Each MVNO is treated as separate entity from Celcom Axiata where the respective MVNOs have full control over their own operations and management of the companies except for Tune Talk Sdn Bhd where Celcom Axiata has 35% share of the company. Being different business model from other MVNOs, Tune Talk Sdn Bhd is seen as another Celcom Axiata joint venture company. Tune Talk is owned by the following shareholders as shown in figure 1 below : Tune Ventures (owned by Datuk Seri Tony Fernandes and Datuk Kamarudin Meranun) Individuals shareholders are Datuk Seri Kalimullah Masheerul Hassan, Lim Kian Onn, Jason Lo (the CEO of Tune Talk), Gurtaj Singh (the COO of Tune Talk) and Mark Lankaster (the CEO of Tune Hotels) Celcom decision to have its stake in Tune Talk is to ensure it has some form of control as one the major shareholder. Although Tune Talk management will have the control over the management of the company but the shareholders will have their voice heard during the monthly board exco meeting. Having represented by 2 permanent exco members from Celcom, it can ensure that Tune Talk business plan and strategies are in line with its goal to become one of the top mobile service provider in this country. The Situation Tune Talk is approaching its first anniversary on the coming 19th August 2010. Celcom need to assess its investment and evaluate whether Tune Talk business is moving to the right direction and hence generate the desired dividends to shareholders. In order to achieve the target, Celcom needs to keep track of Tune Talk managements way of running the business. The permanent exco members sitting in the boardroom must be able to drill down to the bottom line and analyze their way of spending their fund. This is very important to Celcom as the major shareholder in Tune Talk so it can decide on the next course of actions such as to inject more fund into Tune Talk, or to remain its position without adding anymore cash or worst case decide to pull out from the pack. Prior to such decision, Celcom needs to gather as much information as possible with regards to Tune Talk financial position, business directions, marketing strategies and other commercial matters which will be the key determination factors. Based from the previous exco meeting it was learned that Tune Talk is facing difficulties to move forward with its business plans and marketing strategies due to shortage of cash flow. Tune Talk Chief Financial Officer (CFO) during his presentation to the board of directors highlighted the following scenarios : a. Increase in Managed Services Costs Tune Talk adopted the managed services concept to deploy and maintain the Intelligent Network (IN) billing system, network related infrastructure namely Short Message Services Centre (SMSC), Home Location Register (HLR) and other Value Added Services (VAS). Managed services concept is a new trend in telecommunication and information technology (IT) business whereby the customers or business operators do not buy outright the related systems but pay to the supplier or provider on usage based. This method saves the company from spending an upfront purchase of an asset, hence reduce the cash outflow. Managed services can help a particular company to avoid from having to allocate depreciation cost which may impact the company balance sheet. In the case of Tune Talk the burden they are facing now is due to the increase in the amount to be spent on this managed services. The deal they are having right now is based on the number of subscribers using the system, the higher the number of subscribers the higher the managed services cost to be incurred. The amount will grow in tandem with the intake of new subscribers where the average cost per subscriber remain unchanged. Unlike buying own fixed asset, the average cost will tend to reduce as the number of new subscribers grow until it reaches the economic of scales. Increase in Channel and Distribution Cost In Malaysia, all the mobile operators are highly dependant to the normal traditional channel ie. mobilephone dealers to sell its SIM card and recharge vouchers. Being too dependant to this type of distribution channel will increase the companys cost of sales whereby for every sales of SIM cards or recharge voucher the company needs to allocate some amount of percentage as an incentive for them to push its products over the competitors. Traditionally, in mobile telecommunication business the channel of distribution consist of 3 layers : distributors master dealers ordinary dealers Normally only a handful of distributors are being appointed to distribute to the master dealers whom will then sell it through the ordinary dealers. Each of these channels will keep a small percentage as their incentive from the retail price. Operators are normally stuck with this channel cost which they cannot run away with in order to push their products to the customers. On average an operator will have to spend not less than 10% from its retail price being part of the channel cost. Allocation for Marketing Cost As a new mobile operator in Malaysia competing against the other 4 major mobile telecommunications service providers Tune Talk is facing a tough time to introduce its brand to the market. According to Nielsen Co Malaysia 2009 report (a research company), the telecommunication companies are among the highest contributor to the total advertising expenditure in Malaysia with Celcom leading the pack at RM 115.8 million, followed by Telekom Malaysia at RM 94.3 million, Maxis with RM 89.7 million and Digi for RM 87.1 million (see Figure 2 below). Newspaper and TV advertisement represent the top 2 categories for advertising followed by Radio, Magazine and Outdoor. To date Tune Talk had already spent RM 2 million in their advertising cost through billboards, newspaper, TV and radio advertisements. This amount is rather very small compare to the amount spent by the big giants and it may not give the required exposure that Tune Talk expected to create its brand awareness to the market place. Based from the report and dip stick survey conducted by Tune Talk marketing department their brand index is still very low and they would require more fund to be pumped in for this purpose. Slow Moving of Customer Recharge Activities Tune Talk is only selling prepaid mobile and it main source of income is by selling the SIM card and recharge vouchers. As far as Tune Talk is concern the revenue generated from these sales are considered as their income (based on the generally Accepted Accounting Principle). This is due to the fact the income will be reported when it is earned (Ross, Westerfiled, Jaffe, Corporate Finance, 7th edition). The good thing about prepaid business is the transactions are in cash terms. This means Tune Talk will get to record the transaction into its book as and when the SIM cards or vouchers are sold to the distributors. In accounting, the revenue from sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers will only be realized upon usage and not upon sales. Nonetheless, as far as Tune Talk income is concerned it has already acquired the money from the distributor and realized in its book as income as per GAAP. As a rippling effect to lack of awareness of its brand in the market place, Tune Talk sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers are moving rather at a very slow pace. Table 1 below is example of the average sales and projected 1st year revenue from SIM cards and recharge vouchers : Table 1 Items Average Monthly Revenue Projected 1st Year Revenue SIM Cards RM 500,000 RM 6,000,000 Recharge Vouchers RM 900,000 RM 10,800,000 Total RM 1,400,000 RM 16,800,000 This figure is far cry from the original budget that Tune Talk has to make which is RM 36.0 million for its first year operation and increase to RM 50.0 million and RM 72.0 million in year 2 and 3 respectively. High Customer Turnover or Attrition Rate It is common in the prepaid business industry that users tend to move or hope around from one operator to another operator to find for better offer and cheaper cost. Tune Talk is also affected by this game by the customers whereby the rate of customers churning out or leaving for another brand keep on increasing on month-on-month basis. Malaysian prepaid business industry rate of customers staying in a particular operator (industry language is length of stay) is in average of 6 months. However in the case of Tune Talk its customers average length of stay is a mere 3 months which is about half of the industry average. The impact of this short stay will cause a high acquisition cost to Tune Talk whereby its cash flow will be badly affected. In order to stay healthy, Tune Talk needs more than 3 months for each customer with average usage of RM 30 per month to recover its upfront acquisition cost such as the channel incentive, marketing cost and the other variable costs. Shortage of Cash Tune Talk started off its business with RM 7.5 million worth of shares with 35% own by Celcom whilst the remainder are by several other individuals. After 11 months of operations, Tune Talk is now facing with the most critical moment in its business where their cash flow is deteriorating. Despite being a lean and mean in expenditure and had not spent any money on fixed asset, Tune Talk still face the cash flow difficulty. An area that has badly affected Tune Talk cash flow is the channel incentive and the wholesale airtime rates that it has to pay back to Celcom. With intense competition Tune Talk needs to set its incentive on par or slightly better than the competition in order to get the channel attention and support. On the other hand, the prepaid business market is competing on the call rates to be offered to the end users in order to beat the others. Since Tune Talk is buying its airtime from Celcom at fixed rate, the competition which had forced Tune Talk to also lower down its selling rate to the end users had cause Tune Talk margin to shrink and became smaller. The result is, the income collected from the sales of SIM cards and recharge vouchers will have to be spent largely to incentive and wholesale airtime to Celcom, leaving only peanuts to Tune Talk to be used to re-generate its business. It is also better for Tune Talk to maintain a level of working capital that allows it to make it through those crunch times and continue to operate the business within tight budget (Cater McNamara, Authenticity Consulting LLC). Action Celcom Axiata really need to review its investment in Tune Talk Sdn Bhd by looking at the present situation and its potential. It is a known fact that every new business need some times to be able to stabilize and start to show positive result out of its investment. As far as telecommunication industry is concerned, a minimum of 3 years is required in order for a particular mobile operator to have a strong foothold and have substantial subscriber base to be relevant. The question here is whether Tune Talk strategies are gearing towards the right direction which will guarantee to bear fruits at the end of 3 years? How much will investor need to pump in to ensure that Tune Talk can still survive until the 3rd year ? It is imperative that Celcom Axiata representatives in the Tune Talk board of directors to insist Tune Talk management to review their existing business models which had obviously affected their cash flows. Serious attention must be given by Tune Talk management to revisit its dependency on the existing channel which will become its biggest threat in trying to minimize its cash out flows. Tune Talk management also needs to re-negotiate with its managed services provider to review the charges being imposed to Tune Talk for every new subscribers added into the system. The charges should be on decreasing trend as more customers being added. Tune Talk may also want to consider finding new manage service provider should the negotiation come to a dead end. This is important in managing Tune Talk spending over the long run. Prior to Celcom Axiata to make any decision with its investment, it needs to analyze Tune Talk financial condition. It is advisable for Celcom Axiata to scrutinize the Tune Talk financial management and ensure that all the monies are well spent and efficiently managed to protect its interest. Celcom Axiata finance manager needs to advice the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the real condition of Tune Talk by analyzing its financial statement cash flows. Having spent for over RM 2.6 million and holding 35% of Tune Talk shares, Celcom Axiata has the responsibility to report to its board of directors on the progress of its investment. The Celcom Axiata board of directors must be very interested to know whether the management of Celcom Axiata has made the right decision by investing in Tune Talk. One thing interesting in this business model ie MVNO is because the airtime being sold by Tune Talk (in this case the MVNO) is using Celcom network infrastructure. This means even though Tune Talk does not make huge profit and may not be able to provide the required rate of return in terms of dividends to the shareholders but as far as Celcom Axiata is concerned, it still make money from the airtime sold. Thus, board of directors of Celcom Axiata may well be pleased by the increase in Celcom Axiata revenue alone rather than going down to the details of earning through the Tune Talk dividends. Another area that needs special attention is to assess the existing Tune Talk management team style and business competencies. This industry is regarded as highly competitive and it takes excellent team to be able to compete with the big boys (as being referred to the seasoned mobile operators). Celcom Axiata representatives in the Tune Talk exco members must be able to provide information to the Celcom Axiata management whether there is an existence of conflict of interest in the Tune Talk management team. Although according to Vishny and Robert W, NBER Reporter, September 1989 said that the standard and ideally corporation allows management to have 5% of shares. This can be ascertained by judging into their way of running the business, their seriousness in fulfilling the required tasks as outlined in the business plans, their priorities in spending and handling the cash flows. Conclusion It is probably premature for Celcom Axiata to make decision to pull out from this pack by merely basing on the first 11 or 12 months Tune Talk operation. However any decision to increase its capital in Tune Talk either by buying more shares or by pumping more money to support Tune Talk operations must be done with great detail analysis. It is not advisable for Celcom Axiata to simply inject more cash to Tune Talk without seeing any progress or improvement on some of the area of concern which have been highlighted in previous pages. The major issues that need to be really scrutinize by Celcom Axiata financial manager is on the cash flow management. The action items highlighted in previous pages suggested Tune Talk to improve the way it runs its business which will eventually give a positive impact to its cash flow. It is said that high risk will normally generate high rate of return, but having said that, the save decision at the moment is for Celcom Axiata to remain its position without adding more cash but to continue to monitor Tune Talk progress and improvement. After all, Celcom Axiata is the one who makes more money from anyone else in the pack which is through the sales of wholesale airtime. This investment although had not been able to generate dividends to Celcom Axiata but somehow has managed to complement the weak area that cannot be penetrated by Celcom Axiata using its own brand.

Blue Highways, Leaves of Grass and the Parkdale Library Essay -- compa

Blue Highways, Leaves of Grass and the Parkdale Library I don't know what exactly I expected to find at the library that summer. Rows of gleaming shelves and neatly stacked books, probably. No sound but the humming of fluorescent lights and the thump of rubber stamps. The librarians would be demure types - soft-spoken and intellectual. I thought of the place itself as a sort of solemn temple to the written word. With these images in mind, I was startled by my first glimpse of the employees' workroom. As it turns out, librarians read the People magazines before they go on display, and complain to each other about bratty kids that file through, and they leave sticky bottles of Mountain Dew in the refrigerator. Such are the secret lives of the people who used to strike fear into the hearts of my second-grade classmates. For me, it was a slightly jarring introduction to the working world. I was starting my first summer job, and, after hours, reading Blue Highways and thinking about journeys. William Least Heat Moon crossed the country over fifteen years ago, devouring Walt Whitman and "gathering the minds of men" (410). I was crossing a small threshold of reality, gathering observations on the behavior of men. He turned his back on the trials of life and I was watching its eccentricities; he was growing cynical and I am still completely green. Yet to me in June 1999, our journeys seemed almost identical. So as Least Heat Moon studied Leaves of Grass, I studied this road diary and tried to follow its winding philosophy. It was the philosophy that came in handy - especially the parts that Least Heat Moon picked up on his way... ...ye party. Marty made his specialty (Mountain Dew bundt cake). Millie smiled maternally and told the college students to be careful and call their mothers often. On her last day, Molly drove away blaring her horn and flashing her lights in exhilaration. As for me (like Whitman, a mere witness), I was wondering if these people were really who I saw them to be, and if they would be a part of me because of the time we spent together. An old Jerseyman to William Least Heat Moon, explaining his faith in the force of nature and in mankind: "...then say I believe... because it is absurd" (392). It is, indeed, absurd. And so I too believe. Works Cited Heat Moon, William Least. Blue Highways : A Journey into America. Boston: Little, Brown, 1982. Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. Philadelphia, 1900.

Ethics Wall Mart Essay

1. What financial impact do you think the lawsuit could potentially have on Wal-Mart? Ans. Wal-Mart is the biggest or largest retail store in the world. Naturally, their earning and employees are also more compared to other corporate. The lawsuit against the company was not the company needed when they were facing other legal issues such as the child labor and employment of illegal immigrants. Six women who say women were treated lower than the male even if they acquired equal posts; qualification and experience filed the lawsuit. The six women who filed the case against Wal-Mart are not only asking the company pay for the unfair deed but also asking them to pay back and compensate for all 1.6 female employees against whom Wal-Mart discriminated. This would cost the company a fortune because these 1.6 female workers were entitled to promotions, salary increment, trainings and other such things. To compensate or reimburse that much amount for that much workers would surely have a huge and major impact on the company’s financial position. The other way in which this lawsuit could affect the company’s financial position would be through the transaction or sales. Other thing is the reputation and goodwill of the company. 2. What are the major moral complaints of the females suing Wal-Mart? Do you believe these moral complaints are justified? Why? Ans. Major Complaints: Difference in the promotion scheme between male and female employees, The lower payment of wages and salaries to female employees even they were at same level with male employees, Unequal distribution of management training among the male and female employees, Male allotted a better job assignment compared to women even they were equally qualified, ranked and experienced. Yes, I believe these complaints are justifiable because we can see from every point that women were not treated fairly and equally. It wasn’t that women lacked in anything or that they were unwilling to work, it was because they were woman. We can very well compete with men and in some cases may even prove better than them but it is act like this what is pulling the power of women down. The six women who sued Wal-Mart didn’t sue for nothing; they had physical proof and evidences of the discrimination laid upon them. Some of the evidences were found in the employees’ records where by Richard Drogin, a statistical expert found out that employee at Wal-Mart was divided into two main groups, hourly employees who occupied the lower levels and salaried managers who occupied the higher levels. Compensation increases from one level to the next. In 2001, salaried managers made about $50,000 a year while hourly employees made $18,000. Drogin found out that not only 65% of hourly employees were women but also 33% of salaried managers constituted women. So at both the point women earned less than man. When we also look upon the experience level, an average woman was far more experienced than an average man because women worked or stuck there for longer than men. Women despite having other responsibilities like raising a kid or managing the home, they dedicate more where they work that is why they have less turnover rates. So this adds up to another reason why the lawsuit was appropriate or justifiable. 3. What factors do you think might account for the discrepancies the Drogin report uncovered? Ans. The company took the women employees for granted. At first the founder Sam Walton wanted equality but after passing away the core value was lost. The management took the women employees for granted so didn’t feel the need to promote them. 4. What, if anything, do you think Wal-Mart should do to correct these discrepancies? Should the company institute an â€Å"affirmative action† promotion program for female employees? If so, what should this program be like? Ans. 1 ) Work Discrimination Here I am talking about the actual work or labor work. Women at Wal-Mart seem to be working at par with men but still they are not paid at par. To compensate for the women’s losses they could reduce their work time or they could allocate women to areas where minimum energy is required. For example they could work at displaying of items, as a cashier, and such places where not much of hard labor is required. 2) Facility such as Day Care Wal-Mart is one of the biggest retail all over the world and they have lots of property they own. If they established some Day care centre for their employees especially the female employees then those employees who have kids can drop their kids in those centre and work carefree in the store. The centre could be near the store and they could also charge some amount as charge but this could not only benefit the workers but also the company for could avoid unnecessary absenteeism 3) Women’s Association An association called the Women’s Association can be formed in every retail store so that female employees can come together to discuss their issues and forward suggestions and feedback. Such programs do not have to disturb their normal work time, it could be conducted once in every month or whenever major issues arise. 4) Equal Respect At Wal-Mart’s women were mostly looked down and not given the respect they deserve. A woman may be somebody’s mother, wife or sister. Men at Wal-Mart fail to see that and they criticized women of their looks, their past, future and their purpose in life. So therefore women should be given respect and treated equally. Yes definitely the company should institute an â€Å"affirmative action† in order to promote program for the female employees. From my point of view, since the company is based in the United States they should associate their program with the Statue of Liberty . That statue denotes the power of women and it signifies the right to freedom for all the U.S citizens. The title or the main theme of such program could be â€Å"Liberty for Women†   . Whereby they could stress the freedom to speak, advance and employment especially for the female workers. They could relate women to some famous figure such as the Mother Teresa or simply their own mom. On this particular day they could give all the female employees a one-day holiday and let them embrace themselves. The company should however grant monetary compensation for this day. This way women employee could proudly say they work at Wal-Mart and dedicate completely to their work and avoid complaining. Some of the points they could keep in mind while pursuing such program could be as follows: * The right and responsibilities of women * The importance of women * The success of women till now * The potential and ability of women * The sacrifices women make in every aspect of life * And maybe life without women 5. Do you think the women deserve to win the lawsuit? Ans. Yes I feel that they should win the lawsuit. The grounds on which they are fighting is right. As everyone is equal in today’s world, the demand for female employees to have their salaries equal to that of men is justified. The company can frame new policies for salary, wages and promotion, which doesn’t discriminate men and women employees. So in the future both genders have equal opportunities and are paid equally.

The True Age of the Sphinx essays

The True Age of the Sphinx essays The Sphinx is 250 long and 60 ft high. Egyptologist's believed that the Sphinx was built in 2500 BC in the time of the pharaoh Chephren, but recent findings by John Anthony West suggest that there are water erosions unlike any other marks found on other Giza monuments. Unlike sand and wind erosions, which produce horizontal marks, West found that the erosion marks on the Sphinx were vertical...like those associated by water, but unlike the sand and wind marks which can be explained thanks to the destructive forces of the Sahara, where did the watermarks originate? The scientist had several debates over the true age of the Sphinx. They guessed that the sphinx must be much older than 9000 years. As there were a lot of rain storms and lakes in Africa 10.000 years ago, the Sphinx could be built in these years. Another point is that the Sphinx is not a monument of the ancient Pharao Chefren. Thats what a police officer proved after several researches. At least they are pretty sure how the Sphinx was built: At first they built the head. Then they built the body. To build the body they moved huge Blocks. Thats amazing that they could move blocks like this and that they could build monuments like the Sphinx and the pyramids. As time went by the body of the sphinx rain eroded the body of the Sphinx. Later wind eroded the Sphinx. They renovated the ...

Information on Education and Schools in Connecticut

Information on Education and Schools in Connecticut Education varies from state to state as individual states control much of the educational policy that governs the school districts across their state. Even still, school districts within an individual state often offer key differences from their neighboring counterparts as local control also plays a critical role in shaping school policy and implementing educational programs.   Because of this, a student in one state or even a single district can receive a drastically different education than a student in a neighboring state or district. State legislators shape education policy and reform for individual states. Highly debated educational topics such as standardized testing, teacher evaluations, charter schools, school choice, and even teacher pay vary from state to state and typically aligns with the controlling political parties views on education. For many states, education reform is in continuous flux, often causing uncertainty and instability for educators, parents, and students. Constant change can also make it difficult to compare the quality of education students are receiving in one state compared to another. This profile focuses on breaking down education and schools in Connecticut. Connecticut Education and Schools Connecticut State Department of Education Connecticut Commissioner of Education Dr. Dianna R. Wentzell District/School Information Length of School Year: A minimum of 180 school days is required by Connecticut state law. Number of Public School Districts: There are 169 public school districts in Connecticut. Number of Public Schools: There are 1174 public schools in Connecticut. **** Number of Students Served in Public Schools: There are 554,437 public school students in Connecticut. **** Number of Teachers in Public Schools: There are 43,805 public school teachers in Connecticut.**** Number of Charter Schools: There are 17 charter schools in Connecticut. Per Pupil Spending: Connecticut spends $16,125 per pupil in public education. **** Average Class Size: The average class size In Connecticut is 12.6 students per 1 teacher. **** % of Title I Schools: 48.3% of schools in Connecticut are Title I Schools.**** % With Individualized Education Programs (IEP): 12.3% of students in Connecticut are on IEPs. **** % in Limited-English Proficiency Programs: 5.4% of students in Connecticut are in limited-English Proficient Programs.**** % of Student Eligible for Free/Reduced Lunches: 35.0% of student in Connecticut schools are eligible for free/reduced lunches.**** Ethnic/Racial Student Breakdown**** White: 60.8% Black: 13.0% Hispanic: 19.5% Asian: 4.4% Pacific Islander: 0.0% American Indian/Alaskan Native: 0.3% School Assessment Data Graduation Rate: 75.1% of all students entering high school in Connecticut graduate. ** Average ACT/SAT score: Average ACT Composite Score: 24.4*** Average Combined SAT Score: 1514***** 8th grade NAEP assessment scores:**** Math: 284 is the scaled score for 8th grade students in Connecticut. The U.S. average was 281. Reading: 273 is the scaled score for 8th grade students in Connecticut. The U.S. average was 264. % of Students Who Attend College after High School: 78.7% of students in Connecticut go on to attend some level of college. *** Private Schools Number of Private Schools: There are 388 private schools in Connecticut.* Number of Students Served in Private Schools: There are 73,623 private school students in Connecticut.* Homeschooling Number of Students Served Through Homeschooling: There were an estimated 1,753 students that were homeschooled in Connecticut in 2015.# Teacher Pay The average teacher pay for the state of Connecticut was $69,766 in 2013.## Each individual district in the state of Connecticut negotiates teacher salaries and establishes their own teacher salary schedule. The following is an example of a teacher salary schedule in Connecticut provided by the Granby Public Schools District (p.33)    *Data courtesy of Education Bug . **Data courtesy of ED.gov ***Data courtesy of PrepScholar. ****Data courtesy of the National Center for Education Statistics ******Data courtesy of The Commonwealth Foundation #Data courtesy of A2ZHomeschooling.com ##Average salary courtesy of National Center of Education Statistics ###Disclaimer:   The information provided on this page changes frequently.   It will be updated regularly as new information and data becomes available.

Confidentiality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Confidentiality - Essay Example This paper will aim at explaining the importance of maintaining confidentiality in secrets, operations and information basing on information provided by the two investigative reporters in their book. In ‘Top secret America’, the authors provide a list of investigative articles that describe the growth of secret intelligence in the United states after the 9/11 attacks. The book provides a three part series that explains on thousands of companies that work get to work on issues revolving homeland security, intelligence and counterterrorism (Priest & Arkin 5). The book presents the highly secretive world of America’s intelligence that few know about their existence, running costs and operations. The work conducted by these organizations gets highly classified, and the public lacks an idea of what processes get conducted. The high level of confidentiality by the ‘secret American world’ has had its benefits to the country in regards to war against terror. The two investigative journalists, who are also the authors of the book, provide evidence on their frustrations in tracing code names, acronyms without explanation and buildings without addresses (Priest & Arkin 189). In their book, Arkin and Priest reveal of another parallel world existing in America consisting of thousands of federal agencies, private companies and individuals doing ‘top secret work’. They reveal of increased spending on counter terrorism, which does not get accurately accounted for by the federal government (Priest & Arkin 223). The secret work of these agencies gets aimed at protecting the country from potential terror threats. Placing confidentiality in the operations of these agencies is necessary in keeping information regarding military actions and decisions secret from potential enemies. This helps the forces to secretly plan on attacks and detect threats without getting suspected. Maintaining a high level of secrecy and confidentiality also he lps the joint special operations command-JSOC, in their target military operations and reconnaissance. In the book, the authors explain the development of the JSOC into a lethal force and highly secretive command which conduct much work than the CIA currently (Priest & Arkin, 98). According to work conducted by Priest, the author describes JSOC as a force that gets to shape the universe in undetectable ways. Due to its highly secretive stature, the command conduct target military operations such as the one that got to kill Osama Bin Laden. The high level of secrecy maintained in these organizations is vital in alienating target terror threats. This helps the country in fighting against terrorism. The JSOC has turned out into a lethal arm of the military due to the little information that gets shared or is available about it. The high level of secrecy maintained by the JSOC has resulted in people getting curious over this mysterious organization. The high level of confidentiality tho ugh, has also served to assist the country inn getting rid of its enemies since the 9/11 attacks and keeping the country safe (Priest & Arkins 258). The success of the JSOC has resulted from few people knowing about its operations. As a result of its obscurity, the JSOC has got to not only carry out operations in countries that America is at war against but also other states around the globe. From the

Self-Esteem Brands and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self-Esteem Brands and Marketing - Essay Example Example, celebrity with healthy, beautiful tanned skin, advertises and promotes a skin cream, hinting that anybody's skin could look as beautiful if they use the cream. This of course is not true, as people with very bad skin could only hope to improve or hide their bad skin. So why not create and market a brand that gives true information to the consumer The hypothesis I would like to prove in my proposal is that the average person will more likely buy products and brands that are targeting their specific problems and concerns. My research will also show that consumers are much more informed and become antagonised when marketers under-rate their intelligence and try to prescribe what they should use, wear or look like. The underlying fact that will be proven is that customers in today's world wants to be recognised as individuals who have a choice and who are educated enough to understand what promotion and marketing strategies are untrue, superficial, threaten their individuality and questioning their intelligence. The method I will The method I will use to source my information will include surveys among 18 to 30 year old customer (men and woman) segment, with the main outcomes supported by literature information sourced from text books, journals, magazines and the internet. Due to time restriction, sampling will be restricted to 20 persons, striving to obtain an equal sample from men and woman. Introduction Self-Esteem marketing has become a hot topic highly debated by scholars and philosophers. It is within this context that my proposed research could be of great value within the fashion industry. Celebrity labels promotion and marketing may have a detrimental effect on the average customer's self-esteem. As some people may never be able to wear sexy outfits, or have nice teeth or a soft mark free skin. Yet many brands promote only perfect people, making the normal person in the street feel inferior, resulting in lowering of self-esteem. Some academics have argued that lower self-esteem leads to higher school drop out rates, lower changes of promotion in the work environment, and reduced changes for a long term relationship. This I see the main stream of fashion marketing and promotion bordering on the un-ethical and believe that "Self-Esteem Marketing" is a much more ethical approach that could be used to promote and market apparel that are better suited for the target customer segment. By meeting the unique fashion needs of a target group, it is possible to enhance their self esteem as this will show acceptance in a society. What makes different target groups unique can be seen as market niche opportunities for players in the fashion industry, which could increase sales and this the market share of companies implementing such a strategy. As an example, the marketing strategies towards Hispanics in the United States can be seen as